Supreme Court of India

Vijaya Kumari S & Another v. Union of India

Neutral citation
Reported as [2025] 11 S.C.R. 136
Bench B.V. Nagarathna and K.V. Viswanathan JJ.
Decided 9 October 2025

INSC stands for INDIAN SUPREME COURT. A neutral citation scheme assigned by the Court itself, so a judgment can be cited without depending on a commercial law reporter. INSC is the neutral citation scheme assigned by the Supreme Court, so a judgment can be cited without depending on a commercial law reporter.

What the Court ordered

We hold that Section 4(iii)(c)(I) does not have retrospective operation and therefore, would not apply to the petitioners and applicants who are the intending couples.

Judgment, page 48

From the headnote

Issue for Consideration Issue arose whether the age-restrictions u/s.4(iii)(c)(I) of Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, 2021 should be applied to intending couples, all of whom had commenced the surrogacy process, to the extent of having their embryos frozen, before the enforcement of the Act. Headnotes† Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, 2021 – s.4(iii)(c)(I) – Regulation of surrogacy and surrogacy procedures – Application of the age-restrictions on ‘intending couples’ u/s.4(iii)(c)(I) who had frozen their embryos, before the enforcement of the Act – Act of 2021 Act came into force wef 25.01.2022, whereby

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